Introduction: In different studies worldwide, gender ratios derived from ICSI (Assisted reproductive techniques) have been reported differently. Objective: Evaluation of neonatal gender in ICSI women referred to Mehr Infertility Research Center of Rasht. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, the cases of infertile women referred to Mehr Infertility Research Center in Rasht for ICSI were examined to determine the sex ratio of the neonates. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21 and descriptive and an alytical (Chi-square and independent t) tests. Results: The results showed that 52% of single-born neonates, 60% of multiple pregnancies (single sex) and 52. 5% of multiple pregnancy (two sexes) were male. Conclusion: The ratio of male in single and multiple pregnancies in ICSI was higher than female.

injections have been used for delivery of essential, nonessential and even harmful substances into the human body for centuries, but since the innovation of the glass syringe in the early nineteenth century, which made it possible to accurately quantify the prescribed dose, injection has been considered as the most reliable method for administration of medication. Injected medicines are deemed to be absorbed more rapidly and to be more effective than those given through other routes. Added to this is the common belief by physicians that all patients prefer injections to the oral route.

Background: One of the most important cause of infertility in men is spinal cord injury (SCI). In our country the incidence of this kind of infertile men raised after the war. Reduced fertility in men with SCI results from inability to ejaculate and poor semen quality. IVF-ICSI technique is one of the most effective methods for treatment of these patients. This study compares the influence of some semen parameters of healthy and SCI men on the rate of successfulness of ICSI method in both groups.Materials & Methods: 71 male with SCI and 44 healthy men (unexplained infertile couples) were treated with ICSI method between 1376 - 1380 in Kowsar Assisted Reproductive center. Routine semen analysis was performed to evaluate semen's parameters including: volume, PH, Viscosity and Liquification in both group.Results: The results show that these paramerters of semen don't influence the rate of fertilization on both groups, except Viscosity (p=0.013) Conclusion: It seems that the best choice of assisted reproduction treatment for couples with spinal cord injured men is IVF - ICSI technique. Of course several parameters can influence The fertility in these couples, so we need more researches in this field.

Common smut is one of the most prevalent fungal diseases of maize which causes high qualitative and quantitative losses on yield. One of the best controlling methods of the disease is use of resistant hybrids. In order to evaluate the resistance of 18 early maize genotypes, an experiment was carried out in RCBD with two replications at Karaj, Isfahan, and Mashhad. Inoculation of the ears was done by syrange (3ml spore/ear) at silking stage. Disease severity on ears was assessed 3-4 weeks after appearance of the first disease symptoms. The results of combined analysis of variance and mean comparison showed differences in disease severity among examined materials. Based on disease severity (0-7), the responses of genotypes were ranked in five groups (highly resistance to highly susceptible). Line KE 72012/12 was highly resistant and OH43/1-42 susceptible. K 1264/5-1 ´ K 615/1 and KE 72011/1 ´ K 1264/5-1 were susceptible and resistant hybrids, respectively.

Introduction: Despite the improvements in assisted reproductive technologies, ART Process is with a low successing rate. There are two major determinants of implantation: embryos and the endometrium. Although progesterone secretion is considered the major hormonal event during the luteal phase, E2 appears to play a crucial role as well.Methods: Patients who were undergoing ICSI with controlled ovarian hyperstimulation using a GnRH analog participated in the study. Patients were prospectively randomized into two groups for luteal phase supplementation. Patient's in-group I did not receive exgenouse E2 supplementation during the luteal phase. Patient's in-group 2 received 2mg of E2 polbid that starting on day 3 after E.T.serum concentrations of E2 and progesterone were measured in all patients on day HCG injection and on day 12 after E. T. pregnancy and implantation rate were documented. Student's ttest and Fisher's exact were used for the statistical analysis of the date.Results: Higher E2 and progesterone levels found during the luteal phase and higher pregnancy rate were recorded in the patients who receive E2 supplementation and were treated with the long GnRH analog protocol.Conclusion (s): The results of this study indicate the patients who are treated with the long GnRH analong protocol for controlled ovarian hyperstimulation, the addition of E2 to the progestin support regime may have a beneficial effect on pregnancy rate.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Trigger finger is a condition in the finger that is locked in flexion or has a heterogeneous movement and is one of the most common causes of pain in the hand; the first line of treatment is the use of corticosteroids. Due to the fact that corticosteroid injection has side effects in diabetic patients, therefore, this study was performed to compare the results of injecting non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) as an alternative treatment instead of corticosteroid injection in trigger finger therapy. METHODS: This double-blind clinical trial study was performed on 84 patients with trigger finger referred to Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Babol which were divided in two equal groups of 42 individuals of injections of diclofenac and methylprednisolone. The severity of the disease was compared according to the Quinnell classification (with a score of 0-4) and the rate of improvement in the two groups in the first, third, sixth weeks and third, sixth and twelfth months. FINDINGS: The mean age in the diclofenac injection group was 52± 9 years and in the prednisolone group was 53± 7 years. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of age, sex, presence of underlying disease, symptoms and duration of disease. The need for re-injection due to no improvement in symptoms was 34 patients (81%) in the diclofenac group and 20 patients (46%) in the methylprednisolone group (p=0. 001). In the methylprednisolone group, the mean Quinnell rank was 1. 4± 0. 8. The rate of recovery was higher in the methylprednisolone injection group than in the diclofenac group. From the beginning of the study to week 6th and from the beginning of the study to the 12th month, the improvement rate in the methylprednisolone injection group was significantly better than the diclofenac group (p=0. 0001). CONCLUSION: The results of the study showed that both treatments are effective in improving the symptoms of trigger finger disease. But corticosteroid injections are associated with better and faster results in long-term and short-term studies.

In a direct injection sprayer (DI), the delay time to change the concentration of chemicals in the spray tip can have a substantial effect on sprayer performance. Delay time is the most important variable in evaluating the performance of a DI system in real time herbicide application. The flow of solution from the injection point to the nozzles was mathematically modeled to quantitatively evaluate the effect of tube volume and carrier flow rate on dynamic specifications, such as delay time. Plug-Flow and Well-Mixed models were used to model solution flow in DI systems. A DI system was designed and built to allow comparison between the mathematical model and tests results. ANOVA (Duncan test) at a 5% confidence level was used to determine the effect of change of the parameters on the delay time. A factorial completely randomized block design and SPSS 15 software were used for statistical analysis of the data. Comparison of the mathematical model with the test results showed that, for time response, the Well-Mixed model had a more appropriate response time than did the Plug-Flow model. The Well-Mixed model is suggested for predicting the dynamic behavior of a DI system. Both models produced stable state values that were slightly different from test results.